GEO series

3D chromatin-based variant-to-gene maps across 57 human cell types reveal the cellular and genetic architecture of autoimmune disease susceptibility [ATAC-seq]

GSE272120 Homo sapiens (human) ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin) 14 samples Submitted 2025/11/10 Platform GPL20301

At a glance

ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin) · human · 14 samples

What it is: ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin)Where proteins bind the genome, or which regions are open and active.
Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Samples: 14 samples: 14 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get: A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper: 3D chromatin-based variant-to-gene maps across 57 human cell types reveal the cellular and genetic architecture of autoimmune disease susceptibilityGenome biology · 2025

Summary (written by the submitters)

The genetic basis for many common autoimmune disorders has been uncovered by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but GWAS do not reveal causal variants, effector genes, or the cell types impacted by disease-associated variation. We have generated 3D genomic datasets consisting of promoter-focused Capture-C, Hi-C, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq and integrated these data with GWAS of 16 autoimmune traits to physically map disease-associated variants to the genes they likely regulate in over 50 human cell types.

Read the full summary ↓

These 3D maps of gene cis-regulatory architecture are highly powered to identify the cell types most likely impacted by disease-associated genetic variation compared to 1D genomic features, and tend to implicate different effector genes than eQTL approaches in the same cell types. Most of the variants implicated by these cis-regulatory architectures are highly trait-specific, but nearly half of the target genes connected to these variants are shared across multiple autoimmune disorders in multiple cell types, suggesting a high level of genetic diversity and complexity among autoimmune diseases that nonetheless converge at the level of target gene and cell type. Substantial effector gene sharing led to common enrichment of similar biological networks across disease and cell type, however, trait-specific pathways representing potential areas for disease-specific intervention were identified. To test this, we functionally validated squalene synthase, a cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme encoded by the FDFT1 gene implicated in MS and SLE, as a novel immunomodulatory drug target controlling inflammatory cytokine production by human T cells. These data represent a comprehensive resource for basic discovery of gene cis-regulatory mechanisms, and the analyses reported reveal mechanism by which autoimmune-associated variants act to regulate gene expression, function, and pathology across multiple, distinct tissues and cell types.

Published in

3D chromatin-based variant-to-gene maps across 57 human cell types reveal the cellular and genetic architecture of autoimmune disease susceptibility

Trang KB, Sharma P, Cook L et al. · Genome biology 2025 · PMID 41361473 · doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03880-4

This dataset

Open GSE272120 in finder → Find more human ChIP / ATAC / CUT&Tag datasets →

Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE272120_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: Look for peak files (.bed, .narrowPeak) and signal tracks (.bigWig) among the supplementary files; the raw reads are on ENA.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1135150 and SRA study SRP519615. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 41361473) ↗

Study design

14 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 14 sample titles: 14 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

GSM8393515 CD1c+conventional dendritic cells
GSM8393516 Natural killer cells
GSM8393517 Plasmacytoid dendritic cells
GSM8393518 Epstein-Barr Virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell line
GSM8393519 T helper 17cells- activated
GSM8393520 T helper 17cells
GSM8393521 T helper 1cells- activated
GSM8393522 T helper 1cells
GSM8393523 T helper 2cells- activated
GSM8393524 T helper 2cells
GSM8393525 T regulatory type 1 cells - activated
GSM8393526 T regulatory type 1 cells
GSM8393527 Regulatory T cells - activated
GSM8393528 Regulatory T cells

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