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The Effects of Refined Carbohydrates on Systemic Immunity: Results from a Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial

GSE278745 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 84 samples Submitted 2026/07/27 Platform GPL20301
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 84 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
84 samples: 84 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Objective To explore the effects of three diets differing in amount and type of refined carbohydrates on peripheral immunity. Methods After a weight loss of 15% with a very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD), participants were randomized to isocaloric diets: VLCD diet; high carbohydrate diet with high starch content (HC-Starch); or high carbohydrate diet with high sugar content (HC-Sugar).
Read the full summary ↓
Changes in peripheral immunity were assessed using a multimodal analyses before randomization and after 10 weeks of diet. Results Multiplexed cytokine analysis shows increased adipsin in HC-Starch and decreased adiponectin in HC-Sugar. Transcriptomics analysis shows upregulation of immune and metabolic pathways with HC-Starch, but reductions with HC-Sugar. CyTOF revealed significant shifts in NK cell populations and increased inflammatory markers in neutrophils and monocytes following consumption of HC-Starch. Conclusions Consumption of refined starch following weight loss on a VLCD increases circulating markers of immune activity, whereas sugar consumption reduces these markers. Keywords: dietary nutrients, immunity, refined starch, added sugar, VLCD, cytokines, gene expression, CyTOF, inflammation, immune cells. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03394664
This dataset
Open GSE278745 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE278745_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1168553 and SRA study SRP536438. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗
Study design
84 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 84 sample titles: 84 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 44 more — browse all 84 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all human RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

Share this dataset

Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.