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Developing exocrine glands harbour a distinct macrophage population that is maintained by ILC2 derived GM-CSF [CD45 scRNA-seq]

GSE280882 Mus musculus Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 4 samples Submitted 2025/10/28 Platform GPL24247
Summary
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has a non-redundant role in the emergence and maintenance of alveolar macrophages (AMs). However, its role in steady-state myelopoiesis outside the lung is largely unexplored. We discovered a strong signal of GM-CSF production by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the developing salivary glands (SG). ILC2 derived GM-CSF fosters the development of a hitherto undescribed phagocyte subset, which we named adenophages. Detailed analysis focusing on phenotypic and transcriptional profiling revealed that adenophages represent a non-canonical macrophage subset displaying shared aspects of both, macrophages and dendritic cells. We found them to be homogenously distributed across the SG, but always forming a niche-triad with GM-CSF producing ILC2s and myoepithelial cells. Importantly, adenophages were present throughout all analyzed exocrine glands such as lacrimal glands and mammary glands, and were also identified in human SG, indicating a conserved role in exocrine glands across species.
Published in
Adenophages are an atypical macrophage population in exocrine glands sustained by ILC2-derived GM-CSF
Westermann F, Tuzlak S, Kreiner V et al. · Nature immunology 2026 · PMID 41461985 · doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02356-8
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1180966 and SRA study SRP542650. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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