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Age-Associated Decline in Autophagy Pathways in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Protective Effects of Topical Trehalose in Light-Induced Outer Retinal Degeneration in Mice

GSE284125 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 12 samples Submitted 2025/04/28 Platform GPL21626
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 12 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
12 samples: 12 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Age-Associated Decline in Autophagy Pathways in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Protective Effects of Topical Trehalose in Light-Induced Outer Retinal Degeneration in MiceAging cell · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Age is a primary risk factor for chronic conditions, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Impairments in autophagy processes are implicated in AMD progression, but the extent of autophagy’s contribution and its therapeutic potential remain ambiguous. This study investigated age-associated transcriptomic changes in autophagy pathways in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and evaluated the protective effects of topical trehalose, an autophagy-enhancing small molecule, against light-induced outer retinal degeneration in mice.
Read the full summary ↓
Transcriptomic analysis of human RPE/choroid and mouse RPE revealed consistent downregulation of autophagy pathways with age, alongside variable changes as AMD severity progressed. Given the age- and AMD-associated perturbation of autophagy pathways, we examined trehalose treatment in vitro, which enhanced autophagic flux and restored mitochondrial respiratory function in primary murine RPE cells exposed to oxidative stress. In vivo, pre-treatment with topical trehalose improved autophagy-lysosome activity in mouse RPE, demonstrated by elevated LC3B turnover and SQSTM1/p62 degradation. Furthermore, trehalose eyedrops protected mice from light-induced damage to the RPE and photoreceptors, preserving outer nuclear layer thickness, RPE morphology, and junctional F-actin organization. Taken together, the data support that age-related decline and severe dysregulation in autophagy contributed to AMD progression. By restoring autophagic flux, topical trehalose demonstrates therapeutic potential to address early autophagy-related pathological changes in AMD.
Published in
Age-Associated Decline in Autophagy Pathways in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Protective Effects of Topical Trehalose in Light-Induced Outer Retinal Degeneration in Mice
Cox K, Shi G, Read N et al. · Aging cell 2025 · PMID 40293407 · doi:10.1111/acel.70081
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE284125_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1197399 and SRA study SRP551071. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
12 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 12 sample titles: 12 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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