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Deoxynivalenol(DON) and related compounds target protein processing to induce immunotoxic effects in human T cells and macrophages [Jurkat]

GSE284984 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 12 samples Submitted 2025/12/20 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 12 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
12 samples: 3 × Ac15DON1 vs 3 × DON1 vs 3 × NIV1 vs 3 × DMSO1Groups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Immunotoxic effect and mechanisms of Fusarium mycotoxins on human immune cells: A focus on T cells and macrophagesToxicology · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a fungal toxin mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium graminearum, and is present in cereal crops such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and corn. It is widely polluted worldwide. DON and its related derivatives have a wide range of toxic effects on humans and animals. This study used zebrafish models and different cell models to verify the toxic effects of DON, and explored the mechanism of DON mediated Jurkat apoptosis and inhibition of M2 macrophage differentiation.
Read the full summary ↓
The results indicate that the toxic effects of these fungal toxins differ significantly among various cell types. For Jurkat T cells, the IC50 values of DON, NIV, 15 Ac DON, and 3-Ac DON were 488.6 nM, 318.2 nM, 544 nM, and 6516 nM, respectively. There are significant differences in the effects on M2 polarization of macrophages, and DON, NIV, and 15 Ac DON can inhibit M2 differentiation and function of macrophages at lower dose levels. Indicating that immune toxicity is an important toxic effect of DON and its related substances. Research on its mechanism has shown that DON can target protein processing processes, interfere with the normal synthesis and folding of proteins in cells, and trigger cellular stress responses. These findings reveal the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of DON on human immune cells, providing a scientific basis for preventing and controlling DON pollution and its harm to human health.
Published in
Immunotoxic effect and mechanisms of Fusarium mycotoxins on human immune cells: A focus on T cells and macrophages
Yang J, Wang X, Zhang Q et al. · Toxicology 2025 · PMID 40320232 · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2025.154170
This dataset
Open GSE284984 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE284984_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1200741 and SRA study SRP552778. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 40320232) ↗
Study design
3 × Ac15DON1 vs 3 × DON1 vs 3 × NIV1 vs 3 × DMSO1

Supports a between-group comparison across 12 samples.

How we read this: 4 replicated groups read from 12 sample titles; they account for 12 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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