Faecalibacterium prausnitzii induces an anti-inflammatory response and a metabolic reprogramming in human monocytes [ileum]

We isolated immune cells from human intestinal lamina propria of patients with IBD and non-inflamed controls. We stimulated them with F. prausnitzii EXL01 strain, Cadaverine or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and performed RNA-sequencing analysis. F. prausnitzii EXL01 strain induced the production of IL-10 in CD14+ monocytes from intestinal tissue of IBD patients and non-inflamed controls in a direct and dose-dependent manner, without inducing a pro-inflammatory response as compared to LPS stimulation. RNAseq analysis confirmed these results and revealed that F. prausnitzii EXL01 strain differentially affects cell energy metabolism compared to LPS. The anti-inflammatory response induced by F. prausnitzii in monocytes was dependent on mitochondrial activity. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), increased cadaverine levels were associated with higher flare risk.