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Triglyceride metabolism controls inflammation and microglial phenotypes associated with APOE4 [RNA-seq]

GSE286874 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 26 samples Submitted 2025/05/29 Platform GPL30173
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 26 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
26 samples: 8 conditions, mostly in triplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Triglyceride metabolism controls inflammation and microglial phenotypes associated with APOE4Cell reports · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Microglia modulate their cell state in response to various stimuli. Changes to cellular lipids often accompany shifts in microglial cell state, but the functional significance of these metabolic changes remains poorly understood. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, we observed that both extrinsic activation (by lipopolysaccharide treatment) and intrinsic triggers (the Alzheimer’s disease-associated APOE4 genotype) result in accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipid droplets.
Read the full summary ↓
We demonstrate that lipid droplet accumulation is not simply concomitant with changes in cell state. In fact, both triglyceride biosynthesis and catabolism are necessary for the activation-induced transcription and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as the changes in phagocytosis of many substrates including the amyloid-beta peptide. In microglia harboring the Alzheimer’s disease risk APOE4 genotype, inhibiting triglyceride biosynthesis modifies the transcription of immune response genes and attenuates disease-associated transcriptional states. In addition, this inhibition rescues microglial surveillance defects observed in slices from APOE4 humanized transgenic mice. Together, our findings establish that modulating triglyceride metabolism can be used to tune microglial immunometabolism in response to extrinsic activation and in APOE4-associated disease.
Published in
Triglyceride metabolism controls inflammation and microglial phenotypes associated with APOE4
Stephenson RA, Sepulveda J, Johnson KR et al. · Cell reports 2025 · PMID 40644302 · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115961
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE286874_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1210469 and SRA study SRP557196. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
8 conditions, mostly in triplicate
APOE4_DGAT_1_2_inh ×4 APOE4_LPS ×4 APOE3_DGAT_1_2_inh_LPS ×3 APOE3_DGAT_1_2_inh ×3 APOE3_LPS ×3 APOE3_Untreated ×3 APOE4_DGAT_1_2_inh_LPS ×3 APOE4_untreated ×3

Supports a between-group comparison across 26 samples.

How we read this: 8 replicated groups read from 26 sample titles; they account for 26 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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