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The Inflammaging Microenvironment Induces Dysfunctional Rewiring of Tfh Cell Differentiation

GSE286979 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 14 samples Submitted 2025/04/30 Platform GPL24676Platform GPL24247
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 14 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
14 samples: 10 distinct titles, 2 of them repeatedGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
The inflammaging microenvironment induces dysfunctional rewiring of Tfh cell differentiationJCI insight · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Humoral immunity is orchestrated by follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, which promote cognate B cells to produce high-affinity, protective antibodies. In aged individuals, humoral immunity after vaccination is diminished despite the presence of Tfh cells, suggesting defects after initial Tfh formation. In this study, we utilized both murine and human systems to investigate how aging alters Tfh cell differentiation after influenza vaccination.
Read the full summary ↓
We found that young Tfh cells underwent progressive differentiation after influenza vaccination, culminating in clonal expansion of effector-like cells in both draining lymph nodes and blood. In aging, early stages of Tfh development occurred normally. However, aging rewired the later stages of progressive development in Tfh cells, resulting in a transcriptional program reflective of cellular senescence, sustained pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and metabolic reprogramming. We investigated the extent to which this rewiring of aged Tfh cells is due to the age-associated inflammatory (“inflammaging”) microenvironment and found that this setting was sufficient to both block the transition of Tfh cells to a post-effector resting state and to skew Tfh cells towards a hyperinflammatory phenotype. Together, these data suggest that aging dampens humoral immunity by cytokine-mediated rewiring of late effector Tfh cell differentiation into an activated, yet dysfunctional, cellular state.
Published in
The inflammaging microenvironment induces dysfunctional rewiring of Tfh cell differentiation
Nelson CS, Podestà MA, Gempler MG et al. · JCI insight 2025 · PMID 40036082 · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.187271
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE286979_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1210625 and SRA study SRP557294. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
10 distinct titles, 2 of them repeated
Control_Tfh_bulk RNA-seq ×3 Aging_Tfh_bulk RNA-seq ×3

How we read this: Read from 14 sample titles: 10 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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