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Single-nucleus multiomics of murine gonads reveals gene-regulatory networks underlying sex determination

GSE288206 Mus musculus (mouse) Single-nucleus RNA-seq 24 samples Submitted 2025/03/19 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

Single-nucleus RNA-seq · mouse · 24 samples

What it is
Single-nucleus RNA-seqGene activity measured in individual nuclei (used when whole cells are hard to isolate, for example from frozen tissue).
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
24 samples: 12 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Single-nucleus multiomics reveals the gene regulatory networks underlying sex determination of murine primordial germ cellseLife · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Sex determination in the mammalian gonad involves coordinated lineage decisions in both germ cells and gonadal supporting cells. To define the regulatory programs driving these processes, we generated a single-nucleus multiomics atlas of murine fetal gonads, integrating chromatin accessibility and gene expression from individual nuclei across sex determination timepoints in both XX and XY gonads.
Read the full summary ↓
In primordial germ cells (PGCs), joint RNA- and ATAC-seq profiling identified transcriptional states and regulatory elements underlying germ cell sex determination. These data resolved previously uncharacterized PGC subpopulations, revealed that changes in chromatin accessibility often precede transcriptional activation during PGC lineage commitment, and showed that sexual dimorphism in gene expression and chromatin state increases over developmental time. Motif enrichment and gene-regulatory network analyses highlighted distinct cohorts of transcription factors associated with XX and XY germ cell differentiation, including TFAP2C, TCFL5, GATA2, MGA, NR6A1, TBX4, and ZFX in XX PGCs, and forkhead-box and POU6 factors in XY PGCs. The dataset also captured dynamic signaling pathways (WNT, BMP, and RA) and potential cell-cell communication interactions between PGCs and the surrounding somatic niche. In the supporting cell lineage, integrated snRNA- and snATAC-seq analyses revealed how precursor cells diverge to form Sertoli cells in testes and granulosa cells in ovaries. Sex-specific chromatin accessibility in supporting cells emerged shortly after sex determination, accompanied by activation-associated histone marks. Motif analyses identified regulatory networks associated with ovary-enriched transcription factors such as LEF1 and MSX1, which promote granulosa fate by activating key target genes including Foxl2 and Fst (bioRxiv 2025.02.24.639877). Together, this dataset provides a multimodal reference map of the chromatin landscapes, transcriptional programs, and regulatory networks that coordinately govern sex determination of germ cells and supporting cells during murine gonadal development.
Published in
Single-nucleus multiomics reveals the gene regulatory networks underlying sex determination of murine primordial germ cells
Alexander AK, Rodriguez KF, Chen YY et al. · eLife 2025 · PMID 40063068 · doi:10.7554/eLife.96591
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE288206_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1216559 and SRA study SRP560486. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
12 conditions, mostly in duplicate
Female E11.5, ATAC, ×2 Female E11.5, GEX, ×2 Male E11.5, ATAC, ×2 Male E11.5, GEX, ×2 Female E12.5, ATAC, ×2 Female E12.5, GEX, ×2 Male E12.5, ATAC, ×2 Male E12.5, GEX, ×2 +4 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 24 samples.

How we read this: 12 replicated groups read from 24 sample titles; they account for 24 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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