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Imidazole propionate is an early biomarker and therapeutic target for atherosclerosis [bulk RNA-seq]

GSE297831 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 27 samples Submitted 2025/07/16 Platform GPL19057
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 27 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
27 samples: 9 conditions, mostly in triplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Imidazole propionate is a driver and therapeutic target in atherosclerosisNature · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Its prevention is based on traditional cardiovascular risk factor-based scores but often fails to identify individuals at early stages of the disease. Here, we identified microbially produced imidazole propionate (ImP) as an early biomarker of atherosclerosis in mice and in two independent human cohorts.
Read the full summary ↓
Furthermore, ImP administration induced atherosclerosis without altering lipid metabolism and it was associated with activation of both systemic and local innate and adaptive immunity and inflammation. Notably, ImP caused atherosclerosis through the Imidazoline-1 receptor (I1R), and the blockade of the ImP/I1R axis inhibited the development of atherosclerosis induced by ImP as well as by high cholesterol diet in mice. Here, we profiled three cell lines which represent cell types typically found in aortas (bone marrow-derived macrophages, mouse embryonic fibroblasts and mouse aortic endothelial cells) upon in vitro stimulation with ImP at different time points to better understand the transcriptional regulation of the ImP/I1R axis and its role in the development of the disease. Identification of ImP as an early biomarker for atherosclerosis and uncovering the contribution of the ImP/I1R axis in disease progression open new avenues to improve atherosclerosis early diagnosis and therapy.
Published in
Imidazole propionate is a driver and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis
Mastrangelo A, Robles-Vera I, Mañanes D et al. · Nature 2025 · PMID 40670786 · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09263-w
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE297831_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1266247 and SRA study SRP586892. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
9 conditions, mostly in triplicate
MAECs, Unstimulated, E ×3 MAECs, ImP for 2h, E ×3 BMDMs, Unstimulated, M ×3 BMDMs, ImP for 1h, M ×3 BMDMs, ImP for 2h, M ×3 MEFs, Unstimulated, F ×3 MEFs, ImP for 1h, F ×3 MEFs, ImP for 2h, F ×3 +2 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 26 samples.

How we read this: 9 replicated groups read from 27 sample titles; they account for 26 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.