Single cell RNA sequencing data of femur bone marrow tissue derived from mice intramuscularly injected with a SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccine

SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccine-induced side effects have been extensively reported in the clinical field. However, the potential toxicity of mRNA vaccines has not been fully identified. We aimed to clarify mRNA vaccine-induced bone marrow toxicity. Six-week-old CrlOri:CD1(ICR) female mice were used. A SARS-CoV2 S protein coding nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine candidate or D-PBS (Negative control) was intramuscularly injected at left side femoral muscle twice at 2-week intervals (100 ug/head). Mice were sacrificed at 2 days post-secondary injection, and the bulk RNA sequencing for bone marrow of left side femur was performed. Notably, the mRNA vaccine induced significant decrease of erythroid cells in bone marrow. The bone marrow suppression was mediated by the complete mRNA vaccine, but not by mRNA alone or LNP alone. The RNA sequencing revealed that interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), cell death-related genes and proteolysis-related genes were significantly upregulated, while erythrocyte development-related genes, hematopoietic cell differentiation-related genes and cytoskeleton-related genes were downregulated, in the bone marrow tissue of mRNA vaccine-injected mice compared to that of D-PBS-injected mice. These findings indicate that the mRNA template is involved in the mRNA vaccine-induced bone marrow suppression. We confirmed that the mRNA vaccine can cause pathological changes in bone marrow tissue. Although the underlying mechanism needs to be clarified, our findings suggest that mRNA vaccine-induced bone marrow suppression should be cautiously considered in the pre-clinical developmental process.