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The airway transcriptome in type2 cytokine biomarker-high and -low severe asthma

GSE301357 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 129 samples Submitted 2026/07/01 Platform GPL20301
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 129 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
129 samples: 44 × T2-intermediate asthma vs 36 × Healthy control vs 31 × T2-high asthma vs 18 × T2-low asthmaGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Type-2 (T2) cytokine-driven eosinophilic exacerbations in severe asthma respond to targeted biological therapies, but the mechanisms of residual disease expression when T2-cytokine biology is suppressed are poorly understood. Pathological studies indicate that ongoing mast cell activation and persistent airway remodelling are important factors contributing to symptoms, reduced lung function, and non T2 disease.
Read the full summary ↓
The molecular mechanisms driving these features of asthma in the absence of T2 biology are ill-defined. To explore the molecular pathways that are dysregulated in T2 biomarker-high and -low severe asthma. T2 biomarker-high severe asthma (T2-high, n=18) was compared to biomarker-intermediate (T2-intermediate, n=23) and biomarker-low (T2-low, n=11) severe asthma, and healthy controls (n=20). Bronchoscopy samples were analysed by bulk RNAseq. Treatment-optimised asthma, independent of confounding by therapeutic corticosteroids, was characterised by upregulation of the mucins MUC5AC, MUC2, lysozyme, CEACAM5, SYNCRIP, typical T2-genes POSTN and IL33, the transcription factor FOS; and ITGB8 which regulates TGF-β activation and airway remodelling. When comparing between phenotypes steroid-resistant T2-high severe asthma was characterised by upregulation of expected T2 high genes, epithelial barrier genes and keratins. T2-low asthma was characterised rather by Th1 and Th17 associated genes, including IDO1, CXCL10, GBP1, the T cell checkpoint receptor LAG3, neuroimmune genes SGC2 and CALCA, and by enrichment of mast cells. Steroid-responsive T2-intermediate asthma was distinctly characterised by expression of the antimicrobial peptide BPFIA1, virus activated signatures, enrichment for mast and NK cells, and distinct transcription factors NFKB1, TBX21, IRF1, IRF2, BATF and STAT2 associated with pathogen defence. We have characterised three major asthma phenotypes, independent of confounding by therapeutic corticosteroids, identifying gene sets and pathways distinct to each.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE301357_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1284839. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
44 × T2-intermediate asthma vs 36 × Healthy control vs 31 × T2-high asthma vs 18 × T2-low asthma

Supports a between-group comparison across 129 samples.

How we read this: 4 replicated groups read from 129 sample titles; they account for 129 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 89 more — browse all 129 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all human RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.