Mutation-dependent responses to sleep and exercise in clonal hematopoiesis

Somatic mutations that cause the clonal outgrowth of mutant hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), known as clonal hematopoiesis (CH), decay myeloid heterogeneity, activate inflammation, and increase the risk of atherosclerosis. However, whether lifestyle alters myeloid cell diversity by either modulating CH clone expansion or the phenotypic programming of CH mutant cells, thereby impacting atherosclerosis, is unknown. Here, in humans and mice and across mutations in Jak2, Tet2, p53 and Dnmt3a, we demonstrate mutation-dependent responses to lifestyle in CH and show that mutant cells are uniquely and selectively sensitive to lifestyle exposures. Sleep and exercise restrict Jak2 and Tet2 CH and its atherogenic consequences by diminishing the clonal expansion of mutant HSCs and reprogramming mutant bone marrow (BM) HSCs and aortic macrophages, but not their neighboring wildtype (WT) counterparts, through divergent brain-body axes. In two large human datasets, moderate-to-vigorous physical associated with less non-DNMT3A CH. In atherogenic mice with Jak2 or Tet2 but not p53 or Dnmt3a CH, uninterrupted sleep or exercise curtails clone expansion. In Jak2 CH sleep and exercise do so by selectively reprogramming mutant, but not WT, BM HSCs towards anti-proliferative and metabolically healthy phenotypes by tempering BM macrophage-HSC IL-1β signaling. Sleep or exercise also lessens Jak2-, Tet2-, and p53-, but not Dnmt3a-, driven atherosclerosis, partly independent of BM clonal dynamics, by locally reprogramming mutant macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. In Jak2 mutant, but not adjacent WT, aortic macrophages, uninterrupted sleep reduces cell death, selectively blunting CLEC4E-dependent inflammasome activation and IL-1β generation, consequently diminishing lesions. Exercise, meanwhile, activates PAC1+ neurons in the brain’s locus coeruleus (LC), raising peripheral norepinephrine (NE), and preserves the expression of NE’s adrenergic receptor (ADR) β2 in Jak2V617F, but not cohabitant WT, aortic macrophages. Exercise-mediated NE signaling from the brain’s LC to Jak2V617F aortic macrophages selectively represses their inflammatory programing and atherosclerosis. Together, our findings uncover gene-lifestyle coaction and establish that healthy lifestyles gene-specifically diminish CH and selectively reprogram mutant HSCs and macrophages to maintain myeloid heterogeneity and cardiovascular health.