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HIV-1 Nef programs long-lasting innate immune memory in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in a mouse model

GSE320286 Mus musculus Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing 4 samples Submitted 2026/04/16 Platform GPL24247
Summary
The HIV infection is accompanied by chronic inflammation and inflammation-related co-morbidities, even when viral replication is effectively supressed by therapy. It is often assumed that a complete cure would resolve this inflammation; however its origin and mechanisms may be more complex and not entirely dependent on the continuous presence of the virus. To investigate whether inflammatory programming can be imprinted in hematopoietic cells, we treated mice with extracellular vesicles containing the HIV protein Nef (exNef), a major viral pathogenic and inflammatory factor. Using a multi-omics approach, we found that haematopoietic cells exposed to exNef displayed epigenetic modifications and reprogramming of energy and lipid metabolism pathways characteristic of trained innate immunity (TRIM).
Published in
HIV-1 Nef generates lasting innate immune memory in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo
Fleetwood AJ, Mukhamedova N, Dragoljevic D et al. · EMBO reports 2026 · PMID 42297959 · doi:10.1038/s44319-026-00838-w
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1427265 and SRA study SRP678866. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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