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Microglial sTREM2 limits dyskinesia and acts on TrkB to support circuit plasticity.

GSE324025 Mus musculus (mouse) Single-nucleus RNA-seq 59 samples Submitted 2026/08/03 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

Single-nucleus RNA-seq · mouse · 59 samples

What it is
Single-nucleus RNA-seqGene activity measured in individual nuclei (used when whole cells are hard to isolate, for example from frozen tissue). Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
59 samples: 15 conditions, mostly with about 4 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Microglial sTREM2 limits dyskinesia and acts on TrkB to support circuit plasticitybioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Microglia continuously survey the brain and shape neuronal activity, but their contribution to experience-dependent synaptic plasticity is unclear. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a disabling complication of late-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) that is linked to maladaptive striatal remodeling and is often assumed to reflect detrimental neuroinflammation.
Read the full summary ↓
Here we identify a dyskinesia-associated microglial gene program in the striatum of PD patients and show that microglia instead act as a protective brake on LID. In a mouse model, microglial depletion exacerbated dyskinesia, whereas microglial repopulation mitigated it. Delivery of AAV expressing soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) similarly reduced LID without impairing the therapeutic benefit of levodopa. Single-nucleus transcriptomics revealed that microglial loss drives extensive remodeling of both direct and indirect spiny projection neurons (SPNs), while repopulation or sTREM2 reverses a large fraction of LID-associated transcriptional changes. Mechanistically, sTREM2 directly engages TrkB and potentiates BDNF-dependent TrkB–ERK signaling, consistent with positive allosteric modulation. Functionally, sTREM2 enhances BDNF-TrkB-dependent hsciippocampal synaptic plasticity and acutely rebalances striatal dendritic excitability in a compartment- and cell type-specific manner. These findings reveal an unexpected neuroimmune pathway in which microglia restrain maladaptive plasticity via sTREM2–TrkB signaling, with therapeutic implications.
Published in
Microglial sTREM2 limits dyskinesia and acts on TrkB to support circuit plasticity
Castagnola C, Marongiu R, Wan Y et al. · bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2026 · PMID 42146496 · doi:10.64898/2026.05.06.723382
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE324025_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1433024 and SRA study SRP681379. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
15 conditions, mostly with about 4 replicates each
Saline ×5 L-dopa ×5 Saline_C ×5 L-dopa_C ×5 L_DOPA_GFP ×4 Saline_GFP ×4 L_DOPA_sTREM2 ×4 Saline_sTREM2 ×4 +7 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 59 samples.

How we read this: 15 replicated groups read from 59 sample titles; they account for 59 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 19 more — browse all 59 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all mouse RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.