Planar cell polarity proteins mediate ketamine-induced restoration of glutamatergic synapses in prefrontal cortical neurons in a mouse model for chronic stress

We performed single cell transcriptomics analyses in medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Ketamine induced changes in inflammatory pathways reversing corticosterone effects. Cell-cell communication analyses predicted that planar-cell-polarity (PCP) signaling is decreased after corticosterone but increased following ketamine administration in excitatory neurons. Single cell transcriptomics analyses in dorsolateral prefrontal cortical (dl-PFC) neurons of depressed patients also showed decreased PCP signaling in excitatory neurons. Using chemogenetics, we found that the BLA-projecting infra limbic prefrontal cortex (IL PFC) neurons regulate immobility time in the tail suspension test and food consumption. Using RNAScope, we found, in the excitatory neurons in mPFC, Celsrs and Prickle2 were reduced by corticosterone but increased by ketamine. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we conditionally knocked out Celsrs and Prickle2 in the BLA-projecting IL-PFC neurons and found that ketamine-induced synapse restoration and behavioral remission were abolished. Ketamine affects gene expression and PCP proteins underly long-lasting effects of low-dose ketamine.