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Tumor-secreted FGF21 acts as an immune suppressor by rewiring cholesterol metabolism of CD8+ T cells

GSE236180 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 11 samples Submitted 2024/06/29 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 11 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
11 samples: 11 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Tumors use various strategies for immune evasion. Understanding the mechanisms by which tumors suppress anti-tumor immunity facilitates the development of immunotherapies. Here we have identified tumor-secreted fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as an essential immune suppressor. We show that FGF21 is upregulated in multiple types of tumors and promotes tumor progression.
Read the full summary ↓
FGF21 significantly disrupts CD8+T anti-tumor immune response by rewiring cholesterol metabolism of CD8+ T cells. We further reveal that FGF21 activates AKT-mTORC1- sterolregulatoryelementbindingprotein 1 (SREBP1) signal axis to enhance cholesterol biosynthesis in CD8+T cells. FGF21 knockdown or blockade of FGF21 by a neutralizing antibody attenuates AKT-mTORC1 signaling and subsequently decreases cholesterol content in CD8+T cells, thus restoring CD8+T cytotoxic function and robustly suppressing tumor growth. Our findings uncover FGF21 as a “secreted immune checkpoint” to restrict anti-tumor immunity and suggest its inhibition is a useful strategy for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE236180_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA989185 and SRA study SRP446652. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
11 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 11 sample titles: 11 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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