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An IL-21-expressing effector CD8+ T cell subset provides superior control of infection and cancer

GSE262925 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 20 samples Submitted 2026/08/01 Platform GPL21103
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 20 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
20 samples: 8 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
CD8+ T cells are critical in immune responses against pathogens and malignancies. After activation, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells differentiate into cytotoxic effector cells, which are regarded to be phenotypically similar and unlike CD4+ T cells, do not contain different functional subsets. Interleukin 21 (IL-21), well known to be primarily produced by CD4+ T cells, exerts multifaceted effects on the regulation and function of CD8+ T cells.
Read the full summary ↓
In this study, utilizing IL-21 reporter and fate-mapping mice, we have uncovered a new population of IL-21-expressing CD8+ T cells in the context of infection and cancer. These T cells, coined as Tc21 cells, exhibited remarkable proliferative and cytotoxic capacities, with elevated expression levels of IFNγ and GZMB, than IL-21- T cells. Tc21 cells efficiently developed into memory cells during acute infections and maintained a less dysfunctional state in chronic infection. Importantly, Tc21 cells played a pivotal role in mounting effective protection to virus and cancer. Collectively, these findings highlight an effector subset of IL-21-expressing CD8+ T cells pivotal in host protection, and may suggest new approaches of cancer immunotherapy.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE262925_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1094923 and SRA study SRP499012. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
8 conditions, mostly in duplicate
D5 Armstrong VFP+ ×2 D5 Armstrong VFP ×2 D5 Cl13 VFP+ ×2 D5 Cl13 VFP ×2 D5 Armstrong YFP+ ×2 D5 Armstrong YFP ×2 D5 Cl13 YFP+ ×2 D5 Cl13 YFP ×2 +4 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 16 samples.

How we read this: 8 replicated groups read from 20 sample titles; they account for 16 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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