Investigating the potential molecular mechanisms of mogroside V on glucose homeostasis by transcriptome profiling of adult mouse hypothalamic cells

In recent years, mogroside V (MV), primarily found in monk fruit, has garnered significant attention due to its reported health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, and its association with glucose metabolism. Understanding the impact of MV on the transcriptome represents a crucial challenge in unraveling its mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications. This study aims to investigate the effects of varying doses of MV (15 µM, 60 µM, and 160 µM) on transcriptome profiles of adult mouse hypothalamus neuronal cells cultured in normal and high glucose conditions. The data presented demonstrate that up to 103 genes, depending on the study group, exhibited differential expression. Our results indicate activation of the Notch and FoxO signaling pathways associated with glucose metabolism as well as AMPK signaling pathway, a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. The observed enrichment of pathways related to oxidative stress further supports the antioxidant properties of MV. Notably, the pathway analysis revealed dose-dependent effects of MV on glucose metabolism, solely under normal glucose conditions. However, these effects diminished in the presence of high glucose levels, with potential implications for cellular viability. Overall, our study underscores the potential role of MV in modulating glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Further research, particularly in animal models, is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the potential therapeutic properties of MV supplementation.