Modulatory Role of Radioprotective 105 in Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis via the HO-1/SLC7A11/GPX4 Axis in Sepsis-mediated renal injury

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is a critical condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in intensive care settings. This study focuses on RP105, a pattern recognition receptor, exploring its role in moderating the mechanisms of oxidative stress and ferroptosis during SA-AKI, offering insights into its potential as a therapeutic target. SA-AKI model was established using RP105 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Comprehensive evaluations included the assessment of ferroptosis markers and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. RP105 expression was markedly reduced in the kidneys following CLP induction, correlating with worsened renal outcomes. Compared to the Sham group, RP105-/- mice displayed heightened renal damage, increased levels of oxidative stress markers, and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Notably, the deficiency of RP105 led to increased macrophage infiltration and a shift towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes, which further potentiated ferroptosis and exacerbated renal tissue damage. By influencing macrophage behavior and mitigating inflammatory responses. RP105 deficiency exacerbates macrophage-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis, forming a vicious cycle that leads to more severe renal injury. These findings underscore the pivotal role of RP105 in mitigating oxidative stress and suppressing ferroptosis in the context of SA-AKI through regulation of the HO-1/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis. By preventing macrophage polarization toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype, RP105 alleviates inflammatory responses and tissue damage, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. In contrast, RP105 deficiency exacerbates macrophage-driven inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis, creating a vicious cycle that worsens kidney injury. Thus, RP105 emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating sepsis-induced renal damage.