GEO series
Mechanistic insights into PFAS-induced effects on B lymphocyte activation and antibody secretion
GSE311234
Homo sapiens (human)
RNA-seq (gene expression)
36 samples
Submitted 2026/06/01
Platform GPL34281
At a glance
RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 36 samples
- What it is
- RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
- Organism
- Homo sapiens (human)
- Samples
- 36 samples: 8 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
- Data you can get
- A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
- Paper
- Mechanistic insights into PFAS-induced effects on B lymphocyte activation and antibody secretionArchives of toxicology · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made organofluoride chemicals widely present in the environment, with exposure associated to various adverse health effects, including immunotoxicity. Recently, we showed that PFASs can directly impair antibody production, leading to decreased immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from both male and female healthy donors.
Read the full summary ↓
However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to address this gap by performing RNA sequencing to identify pathways and genes potentially involved in the observed immunotoxic effects. PBMCs were exposed to selected PFASs for 24 hours, and to assess effects on antibody production, a subset was subsequently stimulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide ODN2006 and rhIL-2 for an additional six days. Transcriptomic analysis indicated activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and associated signaling pathways, supported by the upregulation of several GR-target genes and the prediction of glucocorticoids or the GR agonist dexamethasone as upstream regulators in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of PFASs on antibody secretion were shown to be reversable by the GR antagonist Mifepristone, supporting the involvement of the GR in PFAS-mediated suppression of antibody secretion. Overall, this research advances our understanding of PFAS-induced immunotoxicity and identifies potential biomarkers for evaluating PFAS exposure and its associated health effects.
Published in
Iulini M, Beekmann K, Hoogenboom RLAP et al.
· Archives of toxicology 2026
· PMID 42026241
· doi:10.1007/s00204-026-04377-0
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?
Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.
1 · Just have a look
Processed table
The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.
2 · Re-analyse it
Supplementary files
The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE311234_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).
3 · Start from the raw reads
Raw sequencing reads
The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.
What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.
Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1368823 and SRA study SRP648562. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.
Study design
8 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates each
Bcells, Female, Control, ×5
Bcells, Female, PFOA, ×5
Bcells, Female, PFOS, ×5
Bcells, Male, Control, ×5
Bcells, Male, PFOA, ×5
Bcells, Male, PFOS, ×5
Bcells, Female, rapamycin, ×3
Bcells, Male, rapamycin, ×3
Supports a between-group comparison across 36 samples.
How we read this: 8 replicated groups read from 36 sample titles; they account for 36 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.
Samples in this study
- GSM9321772 Bcells, Female, Control, rep1 Bcells, Female, Control,
- GSM9321773 Bcells, Female, Control, rep2 Bcells, Female, Control,
- GSM9321774 Bcells, Female, Control, rep3 Bcells, Female, Control,
- GSM9321775 Bcells, Female, Control, rep4 Bcells, Female, Control,
- GSM9321776 Bcells, Female, Control, rep5 Bcells, Female, Control,
- GSM9321777 Bcells, Female, PFOA, rep1 Bcells, Female, PFOA,
- GSM9321778 Bcells, Female, PFOA, rep2 Bcells, Female, PFOA,
- GSM9321779 Bcells, Female, PFOA, rep3 Bcells, Female, PFOA,
- GSM9321780 Bcells, Female, PFOA, rep4 Bcells, Female, PFOA,
- GSM9321781 Bcells, Female, PFOA, rep5 Bcells, Female, PFOA,
- GSM9321782 Bcells, Female, PFOS, rep1 Bcells, Female, PFOS,
- GSM9321783 Bcells, Female, PFOS, rep2 Bcells, Female, PFOS,
- GSM9321784 Bcells, Female, PFOS, rep3 Bcells, Female, PFOS,
- GSM9321785 Bcells, Female, PFOS, rep4 Bcells, Female, PFOS,
- GSM9321786 Bcells, Female, PFOS, rep5 Bcells, Female, PFOS,
- GSM9321787 Bcells, Female, rapamycin, rep1 Bcells, Female, rapamyc…
- GSM9321788 Bcells, Female, rapamycin, rep2 Bcells, Female, rapamyc…
- GSM9321789 Bcells, Female, rapamycin, rep3 Bcells, Female, rapamyc…
- GSM9321790 Bcells, Male, Control, rep1 Bcells, Male, Control,
- GSM9321791 Bcells, Male, Control, rep2 Bcells, Male, Control,
- GSM9321792 Bcells, Male, Control, rep3 Bcells, Male, Control,
- GSM9321793 Bcells, Male, Control, rep4 Bcells, Male, Control,
- GSM9321794 Bcells, Male, Control, rep5 Bcells, Male, Control,
- GSM9321795 Bcells, Male, PFOA, rep1 Bcells, Male, PFOA,
- GSM9321796 Bcells, Male, PFOA, rep2 Bcells, Male, PFOA,
- GSM9321797 Bcells, Male, PFOA, rep3 Bcells, Male, PFOA,
- GSM9321798 Bcells, Male, PFOA, rep4 Bcells, Male, PFOA,
- GSM9321799 Bcells, Male, PFOA, rep5 Bcells, Male, PFOA,
- GSM9321800 Bcells, Male, PFOS, rep1 Bcells, Male, PFOS,
- GSM9321801 Bcells, Male, PFOS, rep2 Bcells, Male, PFOS,
- GSM9321802 Bcells, Male, PFOS, rep3 Bcells, Male, PFOS,
- GSM9321803 Bcells, Male, PFOS, rep4 Bcells, Male, PFOS,
- GSM9321804 Bcells, Male, PFOS, rep5 Bcells, Male, PFOS,
- GSM9321805 Bcells, Male, rapamycin, rep1 Bcells, Male, rapamycin,
- GSM9321806 Bcells, Male, rapamycin, rep2 Bcells, Male, rapamycin,
- GSM9321807 Bcells, Male, rapamycin, rep3 Bcells, Male, rapamycin,
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