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Interleukin-4:STAT6 signaling delays protective CD8 T cell bystander activation by antagonizing IL-18 sensing

GSE315645 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 23 samples Submitted 2026/02/01 Platform GPL34475
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 23 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
23 samples: 23 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
IL-4-STAT6 signaling delays protective CD8(+) T cell bystander activation by antagonizing IL-18 sensingNature immunology · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Memory CD8 T cells (Tmem) are activated into innate-like killers by cytokines such as IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18; but mechanisms regulating this phenomenon (termed bystander activation) are unclear. We show that basal IL-4 signals antagonize IL-18 sensing and blunt IFNg production following bystander activation of Tmem in mice. Furthermore, IL-4 treatment can act directly on Tmem in a STAT6-dependent manner, to limit their control of a bystander bacterial infection.
Read the full summary ↓
Nevertheless, we find that IL-4 does not simply block bystander activation but rather alters Tmem gene expression to tune effector molecule expression. Defective bystander activation of homeostatic Tmem in some strains relates, in part, to IL-4 exposure, but we show that these differences are erased in Tmem produced by TCR activation leading to uniform IL-18 receptor expression and capacity for bystander activation/cytotoxicity. Our data demonstrate that bystander activation by inflammatory cytokines is subject to regulation by both IL-4 and by prior antigen experience. These findings underscore the importance of the cytokine milieu in dictating the ability of bystander CD8 Tmem to mediate pathogen control.
Published in
IL-4-STAT6 signaling delays protective CD8(+) T cell bystander activation by antagonizing IL-18 sensing
Maurice NJ, Dalzell TS, Tankersley TN et al. · Nature immunology 2026 · PMID 41667619 · doi:10.1038/s41590-026-02430-9
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE315645_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1398381 and SRA study SRP659827. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
23 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 23 sample titles: 23 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.