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CDK4/6 Inhibition Enhances CAR-T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors

GSE326798 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 12 samples Submitted 2026/04/07 Platform GPL19057
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 12 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
12 samples: 3 × CD4 cells Citrate Buffer control vs 3 × CD4 cells Trilaciclib vs 3 × CD8 cells Citrate Buffer control vs 3 × CD8 cells TrilaciclibGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
CDK4/6 inhibition enhances CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumorsMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
CDK4/6 inhibitors promote anti-tumor immunity through diverse mechanisms, positioning them as promising adjuvants to cancer immunotherapies. While CDK4/6 inhibitors have demonstrated strong synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors across numerous preclinical cancer models, their combination with CAR-T cell therapy remains unexplored.
Read the full summary ↓
In this study, we examined the efficacy of combined CDK4/6 inhibition (trilaciclib) and CAR-T therapy across a range of pre-clinical blood and solid cancer models. In vitro, trilaciclib enhanced human CAR-T cell cytotoxicity and metabolic fitness while reducing expansion. In vivo, the combination outperformed single agents against RB-proficient, trilaciclib-sensitive CD19+ leukaemia. However, in an equivalent RB-deficient model, the combination therapy was no more effective than CAR-T cells alone, suggesting that enhanced CAR-T cell function may be offset by reduced expansion. In contrast, in solid cancer models the combination was consistently more efficacious than either monotherapy. Notably, combination effects were most pronounced in immunocompetent mouse models, including a model with poor sensitivity to trilaciclib as a monotherapy. Mechanistically, CDK4/6 inhibition reduced tumor-infiltrating T-regulatory cells while enhancing CD8+ CAR-T cell persistence, tumor trafficking and cytotoxic function within the tumor. Together, these findings suggest that trilaciclib and CAR-T cell therapy may be an effective combinatorial treatment for solid cancers.
Published in
CDK4/6 inhibition enhances CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors
Lelliott EJ, Naddaf J, Lu KH et al. · Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 2026 · PMID 41883164 · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.03.024
This dataset
Open GSE326798 in finder → Find more mouse RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE326798_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1447367 and SRA study SRP688839. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 41883164) ↗
Study design
3 × CD4 cells Citrate Buffer control vs 3 × CD4 cells Trilaciclib vs 3 × CD8 cells Citrate Buffer control vs 3 × CD8 cells Trilaciclib

Supports a between-group comparison across 12 samples.

How we read this: 4 replicated groups read from 12 sample titles; they account for 12 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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