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Urinary extracellular vesicles for high-precision bladder cancer subtyping and prognosis

GSE308996 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 23 samples Submitted 2025/09/28 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 23 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Topic
Bladder cancerThis series is part of our curated briefing on it.
Samples
23 samples: 8 × A vs 7 × B vs 7 × P1DGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Bladder cancer exhibits molecular heterogeneity that complicates early diagnosis and prognosis, and drives confounding clinical outcomes. Non–muscle invasive and muscle-invasive subtypes, especially for intermediate to high grade, carry a 25 – 50% progression-free survival rate, underscoring the need for high precision prognostic strategy.
Read the full summary ↓
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are promising carriers of tumor-derived RNAs and proteins. However, significant challenges in studying uEVs arise from the diverse cellular origin of uEVs associated with the dynamic composition of urine, which presents roadblocks for developing the clinical utility of uEVs. We introduced an AI-driven EV liquid biopsy pipeline that integrates (1) standardized EV isolation via NanoPom magnetic beads, (2) transcriptomic profiling for molecular subtyping, and (3) prognostic scoring algorithm. In a discovery cohort of 16 bladder cancer patients including both MIBC and NMIBC, we compared NanoPom isolated uEVs with ExoEasy and Fujifilm MagCapture isolated uEVs, for identifying bladder cancer subtype-specific gene signatures, and externally validated them using UCSC Xena. The result outperformed currently reported bladder cancer diagnostic biomarkers from assays including Galeas, CxBladder, and Xpert. In a validation cohort of matched 7 patient plasma samples, we confirmed with plasma derived EVs for correlating with urinary EV biomarkers from NGS sequencing. The prognostic score stratified patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-grade risk groups based on Xena's bladder cancer survival outcomes. Our AI-driven uEV liquid biopsy pipeline proves the concept for high precision bladder cancer subtyping and prognosis, which could potentially facilitate treatment decision and lead to advanced profiling of bladder tumor biology using uEV liquid biopsy.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE308996_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1333571 and SRA study SRP625767. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
8 × A vs 7 × B vs 7 × P1D

Supports a between-group comparison across 22 samples.

How we read this: 3 replicated groups read from 23 sample titles; they account for 22 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
More Bladder cancer datasets

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.